python (3.11.7)
1 # Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
2 # Author: Ben Gertzfield
3 # Contact: email-sig@python.org
4
5 """Quoted-printable content transfer encoding per RFCs 2045-2047.
6
7 This module handles the content transfer encoding method defined in RFC 2045
8 to encode US ASCII-like 8-bit data called `quoted-printable'. It is used to
9 safely encode text that is in a character set similar to the 7-bit US ASCII
10 character set, but that includes some 8-bit characters that are normally not
11 allowed in email bodies or headers.
12
13 Quoted-printable is very space-inefficient for encoding binary files; use the
14 email.base64mime module for that instead.
15
16 This module provides an interface to encode and decode both headers and bodies
17 with quoted-printable encoding.
18
19 RFC 2045 defines a method for including character set information in an
20 `encoded-word' in a header. This method is commonly used for 8-bit real names
21 in To:/From:/Cc: etc. fields, as well as Subject: lines.
22
23 This module does not do the line wrapping or end-of-line character
24 conversion necessary for proper internationalized headers; it only
25 does dumb encoding and decoding. To deal with the various line
26 wrapping issues, use the email.header module.
27 """
28
29 __all__ = [
30 'body_decode',
31 'body_encode',
32 'body_length',
33 'decode',
34 'decodestring',
35 'header_decode',
36 'header_encode',
37 'header_length',
38 'quote',
39 'unquote',
40 ]
41
42 import re
43
44 from string import ascii_letters, digits, hexdigits
45
46 CRLF = '\r\n'
47 NL = '\n'
48 EMPTYSTRING = ''
49
50 # Build a mapping of octets to the expansion of that octet. Since we're only
51 # going to have 256 of these things, this isn't terribly inefficient
52 # space-wise. Remember that headers and bodies have different sets of safe
53 # characters. Initialize both maps with the full expansion, and then override
54 # the safe bytes with the more compact form.
55 _QUOPRI_MAP = ['=%02X' % c for c in range(256)]
56 _QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP = _QUOPRI_MAP[:]
57 _QUOPRI_BODY_MAP = _QUOPRI_MAP[:]
58
59 # Safe header bytes which need no encoding.
60 for c in b'-!*+/' + ascii_letters.encode('ascii') + digits.encode('ascii'):
61 _QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[c] = chr(c)
62 # Headers have one other special encoding; spaces become underscores.
63 _QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[ord(' ')] = '_'
64
65 # Safe body bytes which need no encoding.
66 for c in (b' !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<>'
67 b'?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`'
68 b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\t'):
69 _QUOPRI_BODY_MAP[c] = chr(c)
70
71
72
73 # Helpers
74 def header_check(octet):
75 """Return True if the octet should be escaped with header quopri."""
76 return chr(octet) != _QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[octet]
77
78
79 def body_check(octet):
80 """Return True if the octet should be escaped with body quopri."""
81 return chr(octet) != _QUOPRI_BODY_MAP[octet]
82
83
84 def header_length(bytearray):
85 """Return a header quoted-printable encoding length.
86
87 Note that this does not include any RFC 2047 chrome added by
88 `header_encode()`.
89
90 :param bytearray: An array of bytes (a.k.a. octets).
91 :return: The length in bytes of the byte array when it is encoded with
92 quoted-printable for headers.
93 """
94 return sum(len(_QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[octet]) for octet in bytearray)
95
96
97 def body_length(bytearray):
98 """Return a body quoted-printable encoding length.
99
100 :param bytearray: An array of bytes (a.k.a. octets).
101 :return: The length in bytes of the byte array when it is encoded with
102 quoted-printable for bodies.
103 """
104 return sum(len(_QUOPRI_BODY_MAP[octet]) for octet in bytearray)
105
106
107 def _max_append(L, s, maxlen, extra=''):
108 if not isinstance(s, str):
109 s = chr(s)
110 if not L:
111 L.append(s.lstrip())
112 elif len(L[-1]) + len(s) <= maxlen:
113 L[-1] += extra + s
114 else:
115 L.append(s.lstrip())
116
117
118 def unquote(s):
119 """Turn a string in the form =AB to the ASCII character with value 0xab"""
120 return chr(int(s[1:3], 16))
121
122
123 def quote(c):
124 return _QUOPRI_MAP[ord(c)]
125
126
127 def header_encode(header_bytes, charset='iso-8859-1'):
128 """Encode a single header line with quoted-printable (like) encoding.
129
130 Defined in RFC 2045, this `Q' encoding is similar to quoted-printable, but
131 used specifically for email header fields to allow charsets with mostly 7
132 bit characters (and some 8 bit) to remain more or less readable in non-RFC
133 2045 aware mail clients.
134
135 charset names the character set to use in the RFC 2046 header. It
136 defaults to iso-8859-1.
137 """
138 # Return empty headers as an empty string.
139 if not header_bytes:
140 return ''
141 # Iterate over every byte, encoding if necessary.
142 encoded = header_bytes.decode('latin1').translate(_QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP)
143 # Now add the RFC chrome to each encoded chunk and glue the chunks
144 # together.
145 return '=?%s?q?%s?=' % (charset, encoded)
146
147
148 _QUOPRI_BODY_ENCODE_MAP = _QUOPRI_BODY_MAP[:]
149 for c in b'\r\n':
150 _QUOPRI_BODY_ENCODE_MAP[c] = chr(c)
151 del c
152
153 def body_encode(body, maxlinelen=76, eol=NL):
154 """Encode with quoted-printable, wrapping at maxlinelen characters.
155
156 Each line of encoded text will end with eol, which defaults to "\\n". Set
157 this to "\\r\\n" if you will be using the result of this function directly
158 in an email.
159
160 Each line will be wrapped at, at most, maxlinelen characters before the
161 eol string (maxlinelen defaults to 76 characters, the maximum value
162 permitted by RFC 2045). Long lines will have the 'soft line break'
163 quoted-printable character "=" appended to them, so the decoded text will
164 be identical to the original text.
165
166 The minimum maxlinelen is 4 to have room for a quoted character ("=XX")
167 followed by a soft line break. Smaller values will generate a
168 ValueError.
169
170 """
171
172 if maxlinelen < 4:
173 raise ValueError("maxlinelen must be at least 4")
174 if not body:
175 return body
176
177 # quote special characters
178 body = body.translate(_QUOPRI_BODY_ENCODE_MAP)
179
180 soft_break = '=' + eol
181 # leave space for the '=' at the end of a line
182 maxlinelen1 = maxlinelen - 1
183
184 encoded_body = []
185 append = encoded_body.append
186
187 for line in body.splitlines():
188 # break up the line into pieces no longer than maxlinelen - 1
189 start = 0
190 laststart = len(line) - 1 - maxlinelen
191 while start <= laststart:
192 stop = start + maxlinelen1
193 # make sure we don't break up an escape sequence
194 if line[stop - 2] == '=':
195 append(line[start:stop - 1])
196 start = stop - 2
197 elif line[stop - 1] == '=':
198 append(line[start:stop])
199 start = stop - 1
200 else:
201 append(line[start:stop] + '=')
202 start = stop
203
204 # handle rest of line, special case if line ends in whitespace
205 if line and line[-1] in ' \t':
206 room = start - laststart
207 if room >= 3:
208 # It's a whitespace character at end-of-line, and we have room
209 # for the three-character quoted encoding.
210 q = quote(line[-1])
211 elif room == 2:
212 # There's room for the whitespace character and a soft break.
213 q = line[-1] + soft_break
214 else:
215 # There's room only for a soft break. The quoted whitespace
216 # will be the only content on the subsequent line.
217 q = soft_break + quote(line[-1])
218 append(line[start:-1] + q)
219 else:
220 append(line[start:])
221
222 # add back final newline if present
223 if body[-1] in CRLF:
224 append('')
225
226 return eol.join(encoded_body)
227
228
229
230 # BAW: I'm not sure if the intent was for the signature of this function to be
231 # the same as base64MIME.decode() or not...
232 def decode(encoded, eol=NL):
233 """Decode a quoted-printable string.
234
235 Lines are separated with eol, which defaults to \\n.
236 """
237 if not encoded:
238 return encoded
239 # BAW: see comment in encode() above. Again, we're building up the
240 # decoded string with string concatenation, which could be done much more
241 # efficiently.
242 decoded = ''
243
244 for line in encoded.splitlines():
245 line = line.rstrip()
246 if not line:
247 decoded += eol
248 continue
249
250 i = 0
251 n = len(line)
252 while i < n:
253 c = line[i]
254 if c != '=':
255 decoded += c
256 i += 1
257 # Otherwise, c == "=". Are we at the end of the line? If so, add
258 # a soft line break.
259 elif i+1 == n:
260 i += 1
261 continue
262 # Decode if in form =AB
263 elif i+2 < n and line[i+1] in hexdigits and line[i+2] in hexdigits:
264 decoded += unquote(line[i:i+3])
265 i += 3
266 # Otherwise, not in form =AB, pass literally
267 else:
268 decoded += c
269 i += 1
270
271 if i == n:
272 decoded += eol
273 # Special case if original string did not end with eol
274 if encoded[-1] not in '\r\n' and decoded.endswith(eol):
275 decoded = decoded[:-1]
276 return decoded
277
278
279 # For convenience and backwards compatibility w/ standard base64 module
280 body_decode = decode
281 decodestring = decode
282
283
284
285 def _unquote_match(match):
286 """Turn a match in the form =AB to the ASCII character with value 0xab"""
287 s = match.group(0)
288 return unquote(s)
289
290
291 # Header decoding is done a bit differently
292 def header_decode(s):
293 """Decode a string encoded with RFC 2045 MIME header `Q' encoding.
294
295 This function does not parse a full MIME header value encoded with
296 quoted-printable (like =?iso-8859-1?q?Hello_World?=) -- please use
297 the high level email.header class for that functionality.
298 """
299 s = s.replace('_', ' ')
300 return re.sub(r'=[a-fA-F0-9]{2}', _unquote_match, s, flags=re.ASCII)
Browse
Usage
Versions