LOCATE(1) General Commands Manual LOCATE(1)
NAME
locate - list files in databases that match a pattern
SYNOPSIS
locate [-d path | --database=path] [-e | -E | --[non-]existing] [-i | --ignore-case] [-0 | --null] [-c | --count]
[-w | --wholename] [-b | --basename] [-l N | --limit=N] [-S | --statistics] [-r | --regex ] [--regextype R]
[--max-database-age D] [-P | -H | --nofollow] [-L | --follow] [--version] [-A | --all] [-p | --print] [--help]
pattern...
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of locate. For each given pattern, locate searches one or more data‐
bases of file names and displays the file names that contain the pattern. Patterns can contain shell-style
metacharacters: ‘*', ‘?', and ‘[]'. The metacharacters do not treat ‘/' or ‘.' specially. Therefore, a pattern
‘foo*bar' can match a file name that contains ‘foo3/bar', and a pattern ‘*duck*' can match a file name that con‐
tains ‘lake/.ducky'. Patterns that contain metacharacters should be quoted to protect them from expansion by the
shell.
If a pattern is a plain string — it contains no metacharacters — locate displays all file names in the database
that contain that string anywhere. If a pattern does contain metacharacters, locate only displays file names
that match the pattern exactly. As a result, patterns that contain metacharacters should usually begin with a
‘*', and will most often end with one as well. The exceptions are patterns that are intended to explicitly match
the beginning or end of a file name.
The file name databases contain lists of files that were on the system when the databases were last updated. The
system administrator can choose the file name of the default database, the frequency with which the databases are
updated, and the directories for which they contain entries; see updatedb(1).
If locate's output is going to a terminal, unusual characters in the output are escaped in the same way as for
the -print action of the find command. If the output is not going to a terminal, file names are printed exactly
as-is.
OPTIONS
-0, --null
Use ASCII NUL as a separator, instead of newline.
-A, --all
Print only names which match all non-option arguments, not those matching one or more non-option argu‐
ments.
-b, --basename
Results are considered to match if the pattern specified matches the final component of the name of a file
as listed in the database. This final component is usually referred to as the ‘base name'.
-c, --count
Instead of printing the matched filenames, just print the total number of matches we found, unless --print
(-p) is also present.
-d path, --database=path
Instead of searching the default file name database, search the file name databases in path, which is a
colon-separated list of database file names. You can also use the environment variable LOCATE_PATH to set
the list of database files to search. The option overrides the environment variable if both are used.
Empty elements in the path are taken to be synonyms for the file name of the default database. A database
can be supplied on stdin, using ‘-' as an element of path. If more than one element of path is ‘-', later
instances are ignored (and a warning message is printed).
The file name database format changed starting with GNU find and locate version 4.0 to allow machines with
different byte orderings to share the databases. This version of locate can automatically recognize and
read databases produced for older versions of GNU locate or Unix versions of locate or find. Support for
the old locate database format will be discontinued in a future release.
-e, --existing
Only print out such names that currently exist (instead of such names that existed when the database was
created). Note that this may slow down the program a lot, if there are many matches in the database. If
you are using this option within a program, please note that it is possible for the file to be deleted af‐
ter locate has checked that it exists, but before you use it.
-E, --non-existing
Only print out such names that currently do not exist (instead of such names that existed when the data‐
base was created). Note that this may slow down the program a lot, if there are many matches in the data‐
base.
--help Print a summary of the options to locate and exit.
-i, --ignore-case
Ignore case distinctions in both the pattern and the file names.
-l N, --limit=N
Limit the number of matches to N. If a limit is set via this option, the number of results printed for
the -c option will never be larger than this number.
-L, --follow
If testing for the existence of files (with the -e or -E options), consider broken symbolic links to be
non-existing. This is the default.
--max-database-age D
Normally, locate will issue a warning message when it searches a database which is more than 8 days old.
This option changes that value to something other than 8. The effect of specifying a negative value is
undefined.
-m, --mmap
Accepted but does nothing, for compatibility with BSD locate.
-P, -H, --nofollow
If testing for the existence of files (with the -e or -E options), treat broken symbolic links as if they
were existing files. The -H form of this option is provided purely for similarity with find; the use of
-P is recommended over -H.
-p, --print
Print search results when they normally would not, because of the presence of --statistics (-S) or --count
(-c).
-r, --regex
The pattern specified on the command line is understood to be a regular expression, as opposed to a glob
pattern. The Regular expressions work in the same was as in emacs except for the fact that "." will match
a newline. GNU find uses the same regular expressions. Filenames whose full paths match the specified
regular expression are printed (or, in the case of the -c option, counted). If you wish to anchor your
regular expression at the ends of the full path name, then as is usual with regular expressions, you
should use the characters ^ and $ to signify this.
--regextype R
Use regular expression dialect R. Supported dialects include ‘findutils-default', ‘posix-awk', ‘posix-ba‐
sic', ‘posix-egrep', ‘posix-extended', ‘posix-minimal-basic', ‘awk', ‘ed', ‘egrep', ‘emacs', ‘gnu-awk',
‘grep' and ‘sed'. See the Texinfo documentation for a detailed explanation of these dialects.
-s, --stdio
Accepted but does nothing, for compatibility with BSD locate.
-S, --statistics
Print various statistics about each locate database and then exit without performing a search, unless non-
option arguments are given. For compatibility with BSD, -S is accepted as a synonym for --statistics.
However, the output of locate -S is different for the GNU and BSD implementations of locate.
--version
Print the version number of locate and exit.
-w, --wholename
Match against the whole name of the file as listed in the database. This is the default.
ENVIRONMENT
LOCATE_PATH
Colon-separated list of databases to search. If the value has a leading or trailing colon, or has two
colons in a row, you may get results that vary between different versions of locate.
HISTORY
The locate program started life as the BSD fast find program, contributed to BSD by James A. Woods. This was de‐
scribed by his paper Finding Files Fast which was published in Usenix ;login:, Vol 8, No 1, February/March, 1983,
pp. 8-10. When the find program began to assume a default -print action if no action was specified, this
changed the interpretation of find pattern. The BSD developers therefore moved the fast find functionality into
locate. The GNU implementation of locate appears to be derived from the same code.
Significant changes to locate in reverse order:
4.3.7 Byte-order independent support for old database format
4.3.3 locate -i supports multi-byte characters correctly
Introduced --max_db_age
4.3.2 Support for the slocate database format
4.2.22 Introduced the --all option
4.2.15 Introduced the --regex option
4.2.14 Introduced options -L, -P, -H
4.2.12 Empty items in LOCATE_PATH now indicate the default database
4.2.11 Introduced the --statistics option
4.2.4 Introduced --count and --limit
4.2.0 Glob characters cause matching against the whole file name
4.0 Introduced the LOCATE02 database format
3.7 Locate can search multiple databases
BUGS
The locate database correctly handles filenames containing newlines, but only if the system's sort command has a
working -z option. If you suspect that locate may need to return filenames containing newlines, consider using
its --null option.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU findutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/#get-help>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
Report any other issue via the form at the GNU Savannah bug tracker:
<https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=findutils>
General topics about the GNU findutils package are discussed at the bug-findutils mailing list:
<https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-findutils>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 1994-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
<https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted
by law.
SEE ALSO
find(1), updatedb(1), xargs(1), glob(3), locatedb(5)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/locate>
or available locally via: info locate
LOCATE(1)
NAME
locate - list files in databases that match a pattern
SYNOPSIS
locate [-d path | --database=path] [-e | -E | --[non-]existing] [-i | --ignore-case] [-0 | --null] [-c | --count]
[-w | --wholename] [-b | --basename] [-l N | --limit=N] [-S | --statistics] [-r | --regex ] [--regextype R]
[--max-database-age D] [-P | -H | --nofollow] [-L | --follow] [--version] [-A | --all] [-p | --print] [--help]
pattern...
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of locate. For each given pattern, locate searches one or more data‐
bases of file names and displays the file names that contain the pattern. Patterns can contain shell-style
metacharacters: ‘*', ‘?', and ‘[]'. The metacharacters do not treat ‘/' or ‘.' specially. Therefore, a pattern
‘foo*bar' can match a file name that contains ‘foo3/bar', and a pattern ‘*duck*' can match a file name that con‐
tains ‘lake/.ducky'. Patterns that contain metacharacters should be quoted to protect them from expansion by the
shell.
If a pattern is a plain string — it contains no metacharacters — locate displays all file names in the database
that contain that string anywhere. If a pattern does contain metacharacters, locate only displays file names
that match the pattern exactly. As a result, patterns that contain metacharacters should usually begin with a
‘*', and will most often end with one as well. The exceptions are patterns that are intended to explicitly match
the beginning or end of a file name.
The file name databases contain lists of files that were on the system when the databases were last updated. The
system administrator can choose the file name of the default database, the frequency with which the databases are
updated, and the directories for which they contain entries; see updatedb(1).
If locate's output is going to a terminal, unusual characters in the output are escaped in the same way as for
the -print action of the find command. If the output is not going to a terminal, file names are printed exactly
as-is.
OPTIONS
-0, --null
Use ASCII NUL as a separator, instead of newline.
-A, --all
Print only names which match all non-option arguments, not those matching one or more non-option argu‐
ments.
-b, --basename
Results are considered to match if the pattern specified matches the final component of the name of a file
as listed in the database. This final component is usually referred to as the ‘base name'.
-c, --count
Instead of printing the matched filenames, just print the total number of matches we found, unless --print
(-p) is also present.
-d path, --database=path
Instead of searching the default file name database, search the file name databases in path, which is a
colon-separated list of database file names. You can also use the environment variable LOCATE_PATH to set
the list of database files to search. The option overrides the environment variable if both are used.
Empty elements in the path are taken to be synonyms for the file name of the default database. A database
can be supplied on stdin, using ‘-' as an element of path. If more than one element of path is ‘-', later
instances are ignored (and a warning message is printed).
The file name database format changed starting with GNU find and locate version 4.0 to allow machines with
different byte orderings to share the databases. This version of locate can automatically recognize and
read databases produced for older versions of GNU locate or Unix versions of locate or find. Support for
the old locate database format will be discontinued in a future release.
-e, --existing
Only print out such names that currently exist (instead of such names that existed when the database was
created). Note that this may slow down the program a lot, if there are many matches in the database. If
you are using this option within a program, please note that it is possible for the file to be deleted af‐
ter locate has checked that it exists, but before you use it.
-E, --non-existing
Only print out such names that currently do not exist (instead of such names that existed when the data‐
base was created). Note that this may slow down the program a lot, if there are many matches in the data‐
base.
--help Print a summary of the options to locate and exit.
-i, --ignore-case
Ignore case distinctions in both the pattern and the file names.
-l N, --limit=N
Limit the number of matches to N. If a limit is set via this option, the number of results printed for
the -c option will never be larger than this number.
-L, --follow
If testing for the existence of files (with the -e or -E options), consider broken symbolic links to be
non-existing. This is the default.
--max-database-age D
Normally, locate will issue a warning message when it searches a database which is more than 8 days old.
This option changes that value to something other than 8. The effect of specifying a negative value is
undefined.
-m, --mmap
Accepted but does nothing, for compatibility with BSD locate.
-P, -H, --nofollow
If testing for the existence of files (with the -e or -E options), treat broken symbolic links as if they
were existing files. The -H form of this option is provided purely for similarity with find; the use of
-P is recommended over -H.
-p, --print
Print search results when they normally would not, because of the presence of --statistics (-S) or --count
(-c).
-r, --regex
The pattern specified on the command line is understood to be a regular expression, as opposed to a glob
pattern. The Regular expressions work in the same was as in emacs except for the fact that "." will match
a newline. GNU find uses the same regular expressions. Filenames whose full paths match the specified
regular expression are printed (or, in the case of the -c option, counted). If you wish to anchor your
regular expression at the ends of the full path name, then as is usual with regular expressions, you
should use the characters ^ and $ to signify this.
--regextype R
Use regular expression dialect R. Supported dialects include ‘findutils-default', ‘posix-awk', ‘posix-ba‐
sic', ‘posix-egrep', ‘posix-extended', ‘posix-minimal-basic', ‘awk', ‘ed', ‘egrep', ‘emacs', ‘gnu-awk',
‘grep' and ‘sed'. See the Texinfo documentation for a detailed explanation of these dialects.
-s, --stdio
Accepted but does nothing, for compatibility with BSD locate.
-S, --statistics
Print various statistics about each locate database and then exit without performing a search, unless non-
option arguments are given. For compatibility with BSD, -S is accepted as a synonym for --statistics.
However, the output of locate -S is different for the GNU and BSD implementations of locate.
--version
Print the version number of locate and exit.
-w, --wholename
Match against the whole name of the file as listed in the database. This is the default.
ENVIRONMENT
LOCATE_PATH
Colon-separated list of databases to search. If the value has a leading or trailing colon, or has two
colons in a row, you may get results that vary between different versions of locate.
HISTORY
The locate program started life as the BSD fast find program, contributed to BSD by James A. Woods. This was de‐
scribed by his paper Finding Files Fast which was published in Usenix ;login:, Vol 8, No 1, February/March, 1983,
pp. 8-10. When the find program began to assume a default -print action if no action was specified, this
changed the interpretation of find pattern. The BSD developers therefore moved the fast find functionality into
locate. The GNU implementation of locate appears to be derived from the same code.
Significant changes to locate in reverse order:
4.3.7 Byte-order independent support for old database format
4.3.3 locate -i supports multi-byte characters correctly
Introduced --max_db_age
4.3.2 Support for the slocate database format
4.2.22 Introduced the --all option
4.2.15 Introduced the --regex option
4.2.14 Introduced options -L, -P, -H
4.2.12 Empty items in LOCATE_PATH now indicate the default database
4.2.11 Introduced the --statistics option
4.2.4 Introduced --count and --limit
4.2.0 Glob characters cause matching against the whole file name
4.0 Introduced the LOCATE02 database format
3.7 Locate can search multiple databases
BUGS
The locate database correctly handles filenames containing newlines, but only if the system's sort command has a
working -z option. If you suspect that locate may need to return filenames containing newlines, consider using
its --null option.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU findutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/#get-help>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
Report any other issue via the form at the GNU Savannah bug tracker:
<https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=findutils>
General topics about the GNU findutils package are discussed at the bug-findutils mailing list:
<https://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/bug-findutils>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 1994-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
<https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted
by law.
SEE ALSO
find(1), updatedb(1), xargs(1), glob(3), locatedb(5)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/locate>
or available locally via: info locate
LOCATE(1)