python (3.12.0)
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urlparse module is based upon the following RFC specifications.
RFC 3986 (STD66): "Uniform Resource Identifiers" by T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding
and L. Masinter, January 2005.
RFC 2732 : "Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's by R.Hinden, B.Carpenter
and L.Masinter, December 1999.
RFC 2396: "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)": Generic Syntax by T.
Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, August 1998.
RFC 2368: "The mailto URL scheme", by P.Hoffman , L Masinter, J. Zawinski, July 1998.
RFC 1808: "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", by R. Fielding, UC Irvine, June
1995.
RFC 1738: "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)" by T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M.
McCahill, December 1994
RFC 3986 is considered the current standard and any future changes to
urlparse module should conform with it. The urlparse module is
currently not entirely compliant with this RFC due to defacto
scenarios for parsing, and for backward compatibility purposes, some
parsing quirks from older RFCs are retained. The testcases in
test_urlparse.py provides a good indicator of parsing behavior.
The WHATWG URL Parser spec should also be considered. We are not compliant with
it either due to existing user code API behavior expectations (Hyrum's Law).
It serves as a useful guide when making changes.
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namedtupleN)urlparse
urlunparseurljoin urldefragurlsplit
urlunsplit urlencodeparse_qs parse_qslquote
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DefragResult(url, fragment)
A 2-tuple that contains the url without fragment identifier and the fragment
identifier as a separate argument.
z$The URL with no fragment identifier.z
Fragment identifier separated from URL, that allows indirect identification of a
secondary resource by reference to a primary resource and additional identifying
information.
z
SplitResult(scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment)
A 5-tuple that contains the different components of a URL. Similar to
ParseResult, but does not split params.
z%Specifies URL scheme for the request.z0
Network location where the request is made to.
z@
The hierarchical path, such as the path to a file to download.
z
The query component, that contains non-hierarchical data, that along with data
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z
Fragment identifier, that allows indirect identification of a secondary resource
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zq
ParseResult(scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment)
A 6-tuple that contains components of a parsed URL.
z
Parameters for last path element used to dereference the URI in order to provide
access to perform some operation on the resource.
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, 1((0%(0%1r? r Tc t | | \ } }}t | || }|\ }}} }}|t v rd| v rt | \ } }nd}t ||| ||| } || S )a Parse a URL into 6 components:
<scheme>://<netloc>/<path>;<params>?<query>#<fragment>
The result is a named 6-tuple with fields corresponding to the
above. It is either a ParseResult or ParseResultBytes object,
depending on the type of the url parameter.
The username, password, hostname, and port sub-components of netloc
can also be accessed as attributes of the returned object.
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component when no scheme is found in url.
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r r r NrZ //r r zInvalid IPv6 URLr r )r` lstrip_WHATWG_C0_CONTROL_OR_SPACEstrip_UNSAFE_URL_BYTES_TO_REMOVEr boolr r isalpha scheme_charsr r r r r splitr r ) r r r r br r r r r bracketed_hostr s r@ r r s , #/sF"; C **0
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ak Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by urlsplit() into a
complete URL as a string. The data argument can be any five-item iterable.
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was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ? with an
empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent).Nr r rZ r r r r r )r` uses_netloc)r r r r r r r s r@ r r s +7
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||f S # t $ r Y w xY w) zaJoin a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
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s E11 E=<E=c t | \ } }d| v r$t | \ }}}}}}t |||||df }nd}| } |t || S )zRemoves any existing fragment from URL.
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| || S )a Replace %xx escapes by their single-character equivalent. The optional
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sequences into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode()
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sequences are replaced by a placeholder character.
unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'.
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g|| < & |S )aX Parse a query given as a string argument.
Arguments:
qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.
A true value indicates that blanks should be retained as
blank strings. The default false value indicates that
blank values are to be ignored and treated as if they were
not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors.
If false (the default), errors are silently ignored.
If true, errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
max_num_fields: int. If set, then throws a ValueError if there
are more than n fields read by parse_qsl().
separator: str. The symbol to use for separating the query arguments.
Defaults to &.
Returns a dictionary.
)rK rL max_num_fieldsr )r r ) qskeep_blank_valuesstrict_parsingrK rL rG r
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keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.
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strings. The default false value indicates that blank values
are to be ignored and treated as if they were not included.
strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors. If
false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If true,
errors raise a ValueError exception.
encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
max_num_fields: int. If set, then throws a ValueError
if there are more than n fields read by parse_qsl().
separator: str. The symbol to use for separating the query arguments.
Defaults to &.
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z*Separator must be of type string or bytes.rZ r z Max number of fields exceeded=r zbad query field: r + )rK rL ) r` r[ r\ r- r countr r r r r )rH rI rJ rK rL rG r r r
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Hr? c @ | j dd } t | || S )zLike unquote(), but also replace plus signs by spaces, as required for
unquoting HTML form values.
unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'
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d| )NQuoterzoDeprecated in 3.11. urllib.parse.Quoter will be removed in Python 3.14. It was not intended to be a public API.r
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JJr? c " e Zd ZdZd Zd Zd Zy)ra zA mapping from bytes numbers (in range(0,256)) to strings.
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in either of the specified safe set, or the always safe set.
c 8 t j | | _ y)zsafe: bytes object.N) _ALWAYS_SAFEunionsafe)ri rh s r@ __init__z_Quoter.__init__D s &&t, r? c dt | dS )Nz<Quoter >)dictr| s r@ __repr__z_Quoter.__repr__H s $t* q))r? c d || j v r t | ndj | }|| |< |S )Nz%{:02X})rh chrformat)ri r r: s r@ __missing__z_Quoter.__missing__K s0 TYYc!fI,<,<Q,?Q
r? N)rl rm rn ro ri rm rq r> r? r@ ra ra < s -*r? ra c t | t r | s| S |d}|d}| j || } n| t d | t d t | | S )a quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
different set of reserved characters that must be quoted. The
quote function offers a cautious (not minimal) way to quote a
string for most of these parts.
RFC 3986 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax lists
the following (un)reserved characters.
unreserved = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
reserved = gen-delims / sub-delims
gen-delims = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
sub-delims = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
/ "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
Each of the reserved characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
but not necessarily in all of them.
The quote function %-escapes all characters that are neither in the
unreserved chars ("always safe") nor the additional chars set via the
safe arg.
The default for the safe arg is '/'. The character is reserved, but in
typical usage the quote function is being called on a path where the
existing slash characters are to be preserved.
Python 3.7 updates from using RFC 2396 to RFC 3986 to quote URL strings.
Now, "~" is included in the set of unreserved characters.
string and safe may be either str or bytes objects. encoding and errors
must not be specified if string is a bytes object.
The optional encoding and errors parameters specify how to deal with
non-ASCII characters, as accepted by the str.encode method.
By default, encoding='utf-8' (characters are encoded with UTF-8), and
errors='strict' (unsupported characters raise a UnicodeEncodeError).
r2 rC z,quote() doesn't support 'encoding' for bytesz*quote() doesn't support 'errors' for bytes)r[ r\ rJ r] r )r/ rh rK rL s r@ r
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Q sm N &# M H > F x0 JK K HI I FD ))r? c t | t rd| vst | t rd| vrt | ||| S t |t rd}nd}t | ||z || } | j dd S )zLike quote(), but also replace ' ' with '+', as required for quoting
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t |z s| j S t | }t | x}dk rdj t || S t j | }t d|| D cg c]# }dj t || |||z % }}dj | S c c}w c c}w )zLike quote(), but accepts a bytes object rather than a str, and does
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$ r/ |t | ||| } |j |dz | z Y Ww xY w)a^ Encode a dict or sequence of two-element tuples into a URL query string.
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sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
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parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
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G$ G G$'4H H c P t j dt d t | S )Nz/urllib.parse.to_bytes() is deprecated as of 3.8r r\ )r^ r_ r` _to_bytesr s r@ to_bytesr s MMC$4 S>r? c t | t r" | j d j } | S | S # t $ r t dt | z dz w xY w)zto_bytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'.ASCIIzURL z contains non-ASCII characters)r[ r\ rJ rQ UnicodeErrorreprr s r@ r r sl
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_splittyper s r@ splittyper ) $ MM 8$4 c?r? c t $t j dt j a t j | }|r%|j \ }}|j
|fS d| fS )z:splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'.Nz
([^/:]+):(.*)) _typeprogr compileDOTALLr groupsr )r r r datas r@ r r 1 sY JJ : OOC E ||~ ||~t## 9r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzUurllib.parse.splithost() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r`
_splithostr s r@ splithostr > r r? c t $t j dt j a t j | }|r&|j \ }}|r
|d dk7 rd|z }||fS d| fS )z;splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'.Nz//([^/#?]*)(.*)r r ) _hostprogr r r r r )r r host_portr s r@ r r F si JJ 0"))< OOC E ,,. 4 DGsN:D$ 9r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzUurllib.parse.splituser() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r`
_splituserhosts r@ splituserr U % MM 8$4 d r? c @ | j d \ }}} |r|| fS d| fS )zJsplituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'.r Nr )r userr s r@ r r \ s. ,D%Dd **td **r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzWurllib.parse.splitpasswd() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r` _splitpasswd)r s r@ splitpasswdr b s% MM 8$4 r? c > | j d \ } }}| |r|fS dfS )z/splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'.r Nr )r r passwds r@ r r i s, ..-D% E& ,,t ,,r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzUurllib.parse.splitport() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r`
_splitportr s r@ splitportr o r r? c t $t j dt j a t j | }|r|j \ } }|r| |fS | dfS )z*splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'.Nz
(.*):([0-9]*)) _portprogr r r fullmatchr )r r r s r@ r r x sW JJ : %E \\^
d : :r? c R t j dt d t | | S )NzVurllib.parse.splitnport() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r` _splitnport)r defports r@
splitnportr s' MM 8$4 tW %%r? c | j d \ } }}|s|} | |fS |r5|j r |j rt | }| |fS d}| |fS | |fS )zSplit host and port, returning numeric port.
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<<>dllnIE U{ EU{ =r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzVurllib.parse.splitquery() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r` _splitqueryr s r@
splitqueryr s% MM 8$4 s r? c @ | j d \ }}}|r||fS | dfS )z/splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'.r Nr )r r r r s r@ r r s. ,D% U{ 9r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzTurllib.parse.splittag() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r` _splittagr s r@ splittagr s$ MM 8$4 S>r? c @ | j d \ }}}|r||fS | dfS )z)splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'.r Nr )r r r tags r@ r r s. ~~c*D% Sy 9r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzUurllib.parse.splitattr() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.urlparse() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r`
_splitattrr s r@ splitattrr r r? c 8 | j d }|d |dd fS )zksplitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
'/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...].r r rZ N)r )r wordss r@ r r s&
IIcNE 8U12Y r? c P t j dt d t | S )NzWurllib.parse.splitvalue() is deprecated as of 3.8, use urllib.parse.parse_qsl() insteadr r\ )r^ r_ r` _splitvalue)attrs r@
splitvaluer s% MM 9$4 t r? c > | j d \ } }}| |r|fS dfS )z-splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'.rP Nr )r r rN s r@ r r s, ,D% 5% ++d ++r? )r T)r )T)r2 r )FFr2 r Nr )r NN)r NN)r )r )pro collectionsr functoolsr~ r r r^ r __all__r r
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